 | | Building of the General Administration of JSC "Tatenergo" |
The pre-history of Tatarstan power system begins since 1895, when the first Kazan power station of direct current and voltage of 175 V was commissioned, by 1914 its capacity reached 1800 kW. In 1914 the total capacity of the rural power stations of Kazan community totaled 400 kW. The electricity consumption by the biggest industrial enterprise did not exceed 300 kW/h a year. By 1917 just some small provincial towns of Kazan region were familiar with electricity (Mamadysh, Chistopol, Buinsk, Kukmor), and the entire electricity grids totaled 10 km of low voltage lines. In 1921 there were 11 canton power stations (the communities in Russia of 1923 - 1929 were called cantons (totaling the number of the towns in Tatariya), which were incorporated into Tatelektro.
In 1922 there was started the construction of the second power station in Kazan named after the 3-rd anniversary of Tatar Republic, the first unit of which of capacity 1000 kW was commissioned in 1925, a unit of capacity 3000 kW was commissioned in 1928. This power station started the development of the municipal grids based on three-phase current of high voltage. Transition of the grids from the direct to the alternate current finished in 1927. On basis of the historical project GOELRO in 1930 there was started the construction of the pioneer power plant in the Middle-Volga region, namely, of Kazan Co-generation Plant -1.
Kazan Co-Generation Plant -1
 | | Construction of Kazan Co-Generation Plant -1 |
In 1931 ãthe Regional Administration for the state-run power stations "Tatenergo" was established as part of Narkomat of heavy industry. This moment marked the beginning of history of development of the power system. In 1933 at Kazan CO-generation plant-1 3 steam boilers of middle pressure were commissioned, which worked on the coal, with the operating pressure of 34 atm and with temperature of the overheated steam of 425îÑ with capacity of 45 tons of steam per hour and two turbine generators of capacity of 10000 kW each, with 6300 V. Kazan CO-generation plant-1 started to feed along the first high tension line of ïî 35 kV the substation Zarechiye. Apart to Kazan, the, Kazan CO-generation plant-1 supplied electricity to Zelenodolsk, to workers’ villages Yudino, Vasiliyevo, Derbyshky etc In 1938 the Kazan CO-generation plant-2 was commissioned to supply energy to the industrial and residential communities of northern part of Kazan. There were commissioned the two drum boilers of middle pressure LMZ with steam generating capacity of 200 t/h with pressure 30 atm and the temperature of the overheated steam 400îÑ and turbine generator of capacity 25 MW. The boilers burnt the high quality coal of Donetsk (Ukraine) basin. Gas was never mentioned in that far-off time. In January of 1942, the second turbine generator of capacity 25 MW was connected. The industry in Kazan could supply the war front with more products.
At the same time there was commissioned the second boiler group for heating the Lenin district of Kazan.
Kazan CO-GENERATION PLANT-2
 | | Kazan CO-GENERATION PLANT-2 |
At the beginning of Great Patriotic War the famous and biggest researchers and professionals of the country assisted the CO-generation plant-2 in increasing the capacity. Thus, Director for the Power Engineering institute Of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the author of the famous plan GOELRO, Mr. G. Krzhyzhanovski, the academicians K.Krug and K.Shenfer, the chief for construction of Moscow subway, Mr. P. Rottert helped to install the second turbine and consulted the power engineers. Professor L.Ramzin was a frequent guest at CO-generation plant, who designed the original construction of the direct flow boiler of prior-to-critical pressure, exceeding the foreign analogs with regard to basic operating parameters. On basis of his recommendations the boilers operation at Kazan CO-generation plant-2 was improved.
The first direct-current boiler st.#3 of high pressure was commissioned at the CO-generation plant-2 in 1949. First it operated on the middle pressure. In 1950 the third 25 MW turbine generator produced by English company "Parsons", started operation. It came as a part of lend-lease program.
From 1953 till 1957 there were commissioned the direct current boilers st. ##4, 5 and 6 at steam parameters 100 atm. and 5100Ñ, turbine generators st. ##4, 5 and 6.
 | | Kazan Co-Generation Palnt-2 |
From 1961 till 1965 there were put into operation the drum boilers st.##7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of BKZ-210-140 FZS at the increased steam parameters of 140 atm and 570îÑ, as well as the turbine generators st.##7, 8 and 9 of total capacity of 160 MW and the installed capacity of the CO-generation plant-2 reached 325 MW.
The managerial personnel and operators of Kazan CO-generation plant-2 promoted its reliable operation in the cold winter of 1978-79, when the outside temperature was below -500Ñ. The CO-generation plant managed to burn coal and actually provided the reliable heat supply in Kazan.
Urussu CONDENSATION PLANT
 | | Urussu CONDENSATION PLANT |
Finding the rich oil deposits in the south-east part of the Republic promoted the development of the big energy location here. In 1944 there was commissioned the first 2 MW turbine generator íà Urussu condensation plant , the plant was extended in the 50’s.
Urussu condensation plant was constructed and began to operate in the hard war times, when the country demanded oil. The first turn of the plant was constructed within 2 years. From 1944 till 1957 the plant underwent extension 5 times, and reached the total installed capacity of 237.5 MW. Beginning from 1949, here were installed only the units of the high parameters (90 at, 5000Ñ), produced domestically. In the first years of operation the basic fuel was the crude oil, and later – the oil gas and crude oil. Urussu condensation plant was the first in the USSR to utilize the technique for condenser tubes cleaning by the rubber balls. If the specific consumption of fuel for the output electricity in 1944 was 1420 g/kW h, in the 60’s it decreased till 434 g/kW h. At Urussu condensation plant there were trained the professionals who later occupied the high positions in the power system: V.Mishin, V. Shibanov, V. Malov, V. Suzdaltsev, V. Butin, K. Ivanova, V. Parfenov, L. Strelkov, V. Rat’kov, L. Ostrovski, A. Kozlov, I. Hadeyev, E. Iglitski, M. Pavlov, A. Potapov, M. Bayazitov and others.
 | | Power transmission lines |
In 1955 there was established communication with Bashkir power system along the two high tension lines (of voltage 110 kV), which allowed to increase the dependability of electricity supply to the the oil drills. The agricultural communities of the south-eastern part of Republic were extensively electrified.
In 1958 there was commissioned the high tension line - Bugulma of voltage 400 kV (in March of 1964 it was transferred for 500 kV). It allowed to include the Urussu condensation plant into parallel operation with Volzhsk Hydro station. Thus the Tatar power system entered the Unified power sytem of The European part of the USSR. In 1959 the power transmission line of 400 kV voltage was extended to Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk. This way the systems of Tatariya and Ural connected.
Zainsk Condensation Plant
 | | Zainsk Condensation Plant |
In the 50’s the oil industry extensively developed in the south-east of the Republic, the construction of Nizhnekamsk petro-oil-plant began, the construction of the plant "Orgsintez" began in Kazan. There was the deficit of energy in the Republic. There was the urgent need in construction of the Zainsk condensation Plant . Already in 1963 there were commissioned the 2 power units of capacity of 200 MW each. Our power system became excessive regarding the energy. With commissioning of Zainsk condensation plant there was also put into operation the 220 kV line Zainsk-Kazan (Kindery substation). Kazan power location got the new status and was included into the Unified Power system of the country. At the biggest in Europe thermal power station, namely, Zainsk condensation plant , all of its 12 units of the total capacity of 2400 MW were commissioned within the shortest possible time-period – from 1963 till 1972. In some years there were commissioned simultaneously 2 blocks of 200 MW capacity.
 | | Zainsk Condensation Plant |
The Power station was commissioned with the grade “A”, a very rare case in general construction practice. This was due to the outstanding power staff of our power system, Mr. Nikolai Alexandrovich Banykin, who was the director for Zainsk Condensation Plant beginning from its construction start and till its commissioning. Zainsk condensation plant - was one of the first power stations with power blocks of 200 th. kW each (200 MW), designed for operation on the high sour crude oil. Taking into account the big reserves of the high sour gas and close proximity to the Republic, in 1969 he Council of Ministers of the USSR issued the order to convert the Zainsk Condensation plant for burning the Orenburg gas. The group of the staff of Zainsk condensation plant and of the research and design institutes were awarded the bonus of Council of Ministers of the USSR for the development of techniques for burning the sulphur containing gases.
Kazan Co-Generation Plant -3
In 1966 for providing the production capacities at the plant “Orgsintez”, "Tathimfatmpreparaty" there started the construction of Kazan CO-Generation plant-3, the biggest CO-generation plant in Kazan. The first three hot water boilers PTVM-100 were commissioned in 1968, the first energy block was connected to the power system in 1971. In 1974 after commissioning of the block ¹ 4 the installed capacity of the I turn of CO-generation plant reached 265 MW, - 987 Gcal/h. In 1980-83 there was erected the II turn of the CO-generation plant and the installed electrical capacity of the plant reached 440 MW, the thermal capacity - 1897 Gcal/h.
Nizhnekamsk Co-Generation Plant -1
 | | Nizhnekamsk Co-Generation Plant -1 |
To supply with energy the biggest in Europe Nizhnekamsk petrol-oil complex and the town of Nizhnekamsk in 1963 there was started the construction of Nizhnekamsk CO-generation Plant-1. The first block of the plant was commissioned in 1967. By 1973 the 8 power boilers and 7 turbine generators were commissioned which marked the end of construction of the first turn of the 580 MW CO-generation Plant. In 1975 the installed capacity of the I and II turns of the CO-generation plant constituted 680 MW, the thermal - 2360 Gcal, regarding the generation of the desalted water - 1600 t/h. The fast growth of the industrial capacities of Nizhnekamsk oil-petrol plant and the tire plant necessitated the further extension of Nizhnekamsk CO-generation plant-1. There were additionally installed at CO-generation plant the 5 power boilers, 3 turbine generators and the water pre-treatment workshop ¹ 2 for 890 t/h with respect to desalted water. After the extension, in 1977 the installed capacity of Nizhnekamsk CO-generation plant-1 constituted: electrical - 1000 MW; thermal - 3385 Gcal/h, desalted water - 2890 t/h. Because of the high loads on the water pre-treatment caused by the polluted water in the Kama river, there was decided to extend the water pre-treatment workshop #2 by 530 t/hr, the project was finalized in 1986.
In terms of the installed facilities, the amount and the parameters of the output process steam, the quantity of the produced desalted water, the station was unique in domestic power industry.
Nizhnekamsk Co-Generation Plant -2
 | | Nizhnekamsk Co-Generation Plant -2 |
To meet the growing demand in power supply there was decided to build in Nizhnekamsk the second CO-generation plant, construction was successful and in 1980 the Nizhnekamsk CO-generation plant-2 was commissioned. For the first time in power system at the CO-generation plant were installed the cost-efficient steam boilers under pressure charging TGME -464 of 500 tons of steam per hour capacity and the most powerful turbines with output of steam and hot water – of PT-135/165-130/15 type. By 1987 after commissioning of the eighth and ninth power boilers and the fifth turbine generator, the station started working at the designed capacity - 570 MW with output of steam up to 1,870 t/hr. To the aim of enhancing the cost-effectiveness of operation of the power stations in 1991 at the Niz CO-generation plant-2 there were commissioned the peak boiler facility of capacity of 180 Gcal per hour. Hot water goes to the municipal heating system.
The conversion to burning the gas at both Nizhnekamsk CO-generation plants in 1984 was a significant event. Within the shortest possible time-period there were laid 19 kilometers of the gas pipelines of middle pressure from the gas-distribution station (GDS) to the three gas distribution stations and from the gas line from GDS to Nizhnekamsk CO-generation plant-1 and CO-generation plant-2; there was done the casing of the gas lines at 16 power boilers etc.
Naberezhnye Chelny Co-Generation Plant
 | | Naberezhnye Chelny Co-Generation Plant |
To provide energy to the Naberezhnye Chelny truck factories (KamAZ) under construction, the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1969 issued the order to build the CO-generation plant of KAMAZ (this was the name of Naberezhnye Chelny CO-generation plant at that time) with the installed electrical capacity of 820 MW. Already in 1973 there were commissioned the first boiler TGM -84Á and the two turbines PT-60-130, in 1974 - two boilers Ì-84B and two turbines Ò-105-130. The first turn of the CO-generation PLANT was commissioned in 1979 together with putting into operation the ninth turbine #9 Ð-50-130 and the tenth boiler of TGM –84B type. By that time there operated at the station 10 hot water boilers. In 1979 the development of project fro expansion N. Chelny - CO-GENERATION PLANT was started, and in 1993 the expansion was finished after commissioning the boilers ##11, 12, 13 and 14 of TGME –464 type and turbine ¹ 10 of Ò-175-130 type and #11 of Ò-185-130 type. The installed electrical capacity of the CO-GENERATION PLANT reached 1180 MW, the heating capacity – 4092 Gcal/h.
Naberezhnye Chelny CO-GENERATION PLANT is a unique gigantic CO-GENERATION PLANT, the only plant for the significant Naberezhnye Chelny industrial area. Its unique feature is in that here the open hot water intake system has been implemented to the extent which causes big difficulties in reliability provision. This was proved at the eve of 1979 during the frosts amounting to 50 degrees C.
Nizhnekamsk Hydro station
 | | Nizhnekamsk Hydro station |
In 1979 the first in the power system hydro station on the river Kama in Naberezhnye Chelny was commissioned – the Nizhnekamsk hydro plant. The first engineering and geological research for designing the Nizhnekamsk hydro plant were conducted in 1931-1934. The works related to its construction started in 1963. The last hydro unit #16 at the hydro plant was commissioned in 1987 and the installed capacity hydro plant reached 1205 MW at the projected capacity 1248 MW. The restrictions regarding the installed capacity were caused by the interim level of the water basin.
The biggest in the Kama cascade, the Nizhnekamsk hydro plant, enhanced the reliable power supply to central part of Russian Federation, the rail roads and the highway passages connected Zakamie with the rest of Tatarstan republic and the hydro unit and the established water basin made the deep water way from the mouth of river Kama to Solikamsk town.
Apart from this, the Votkinsk hydro plant raised the peak capacity by 300 MW. The good volume of the water basin serves the reserve when it is necessary to increase the generation of electricity at the Volzhsko-Kama cascade.
Electricity Grids
 | | Substation "Bugulma-500" |
The intensive growth was also typical for the electricity grids, designed to supply consumers with electricity generated at the stations.
The electricity grids have considerably extended since 1933 after commissioning the Kazan CO-generation plant-1 and the high tension lines with substations at the voltage of 35 kV. At south-east of Tatariya the first tension lines of 35 kV with substations for oil sites were built in 1944. Later the construction of the grids of 110 kV voltage started. In 1952 were commissioned the power transmission lines of 110 kV voltage, Urussu-Bugulma and Bugulma-Novaya Pismyanka with substations of 110/35/6 kV in Bugulma and Novaya Pismyanka and in 1958 in Kazan there were turned on the power transmission line of 110 kV voltage, Kazan CO-generation plant-2 - Zelenodolsk with substation of 110/35/6 kV voltage in Zelenodolsk.
Since 1964 the operation of the electricity grids has based on the territorial principle, to which aim there were established the 6 grid enterprise: Almetiyevskèå, Bugulma, Nizhnekamsk, Chistopol, Kazan and Privolzhskye electricity grids. In 1969 there were opened the Buinsk electricity grids, in 1984– Yelabuga electricity grids, in 2000 ãîäó – Nab. Chelny electricity grids.
The milestone in development of the powerful electricity grids of Tatar power system:
- In 1958 the Bugulma 400 kV substation with the auto-transformer of 270 th. kVÀ and the power transmission line of 500 kV of Bugulma-Volzhskaya HYDRO PLANT and power transmission line 500 kV Bugulma-Beketovo (Bashkiriya) were temporarily switched for 400 kV voltage. Thus, the year of 1958 was a historical year – the power system of TASSR, except for the Kazan power joint, were integrated into the Unified Energy system (UES) of European part of the USSR;
- In 1963 incorporating of the Kazan joint into UES after commissioning of the line-220 kV Zainsk-Kazan and substation 220/110 kV Kinderi;
Commissioning of the line -220 kV Kazan (Kinderi) – Cheboksary, two lines -220 kV Zai condensation plant –Uzlovaya-Abbdrahmanovo, Zai condensation plant –Nizhnekamsk and the two lines Bugulma-Abdrahmanovo-Uzlovaya;
- In 1964 transfer of substation Bugulma-400 for 500 kV voltage with incorporating of the second auto-transformer group of 500/220 kV voltage, of 405 th. kVÀ capacity and transfer of substation Abdrahmanovo for 220 kV voltage;
- In 1965 commissioning of line 500 kV Zainsk-Bugulma and the second auto-transformer for 120 th. kW at substation Kinderi;
- In 1966 commissioning of substation Kutlu-Bukash 220/110/35/10kV, line -110 kV in Vyatskiye Polyany and transfer of line -110 kV Bugulma-Aznakayevo for 220 kV;
- In 1967 switching of line -500 kV Zainsk-Kinderi (Kazan) for 220 kV voltage;
- In 1968 putting into operation of the second auto-transformer of 180 th. kW capacity at Abdrahmanovo substation;
- In 1969 commissioning of the auto-transformer 220/110 kV of 125 th. kW power at Zelenodolsk substation, line -220 kV Zainsk-Suleyevo, auto-transfromer ¹ 2 at substation Kutlu-Bukash of 63 th. kW capacity and transfer of substations Vostochnaya and Derbyshki in Kazan for 110 kV voltage;
- In 1970 putting into operation of the first auto-transformer group of 500/220 kV voltage, 501 th. kW power, at the SS Kinderi and of the second auto-transformer of 220/110 kV , of 125 th. kW power at substation Zelenodolsk;
- In 1971 commissioning of line 500 kV, Zai condensation plant -Nizhnekamsk hydro plant and Nizhnekamsk hydro plant- Karmanovo (Bashkiriya );
- In 1973 putting into operation of line 500 kV, Zai condensation plant –Kuibyshev (Samara);
- In 1978 commissioning of line 500 kV, Kazan (Kinderi) – Cheboksary (hydro plant);
- In 1979 ãîäó putting into operation of line 220 kV Nizhnekamsk-Zavodskaya (Naberezhnye Chelny);
- In 1980 commissioning at substation Bugulma-500 of the auto-transformer group 500/220/110 kV, of 3õ167 th. kW power and line 220 kV Zavodskaya -Zainsk condensation plant ;
- In 1981 putting into operation in Kazan at substation Tsentralnaya of the for 220/110 kV, of 125 th. kW capacity and in 1982 the commissioning of the second auto-transformer of the same type at the same substation;
- In 1982 transfer of line 110 kV Bugulma-Aznakayevo for voltage 220 kV;
- In 1990 commissioning at substation Suleyevo of the auto-transformer 220/110 kV, of 250 th. kW power.
Kazan heat grids
In Kazan heating grids there was started the construction of the boiler houses since the 70’s, when there were commissioned in boiler house "Gorki" the hot water boilers # 1 and #2 PTVM -50 – in 1976; #3 and #4 PTVM -50 – in 1977; in boiler house "Savinovo" the hot water boiler ¹ 1 KVGM-180 - in 1988, hot water boiler #2 KVGM-180 - in 1992 and hot water boiler #3 KVGM-180 - in 2000 ãîäó; in the boiler house "Azino" the hot water boiler #1 PTVM -180 – in 1988, hot water boiler #2 PTVM -180 – in 1994.
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Rus
2007
1895-1990